（4）Certify vt.证明,证明合格; 授给执照
I hereby certify that.../ The accounts were -fied (as) correct./ He was -fied (as) insane. （5）Charge n. v.
charge a gun with powder/ charged water/ charge one's memory with facts/ charge sb. with murder/ charge the loss of lives to the driver's carelessness/ charge two dollars for repairing the bike/ charge the enemy/ Electrons are negatively charged with electricity./ He was charged with an important mission./ Please charge these purchases to my account./ I charge you not to forget what l have said./ Charge !/ Do they charge for the use of the telephone?/ a positive charge/ free of charge （6）Chase v.n. 追赶, 追击,雕镂, 錾花, 镂刻,在...上镶嵌宝石
chase silverware/ a richly chased plate/ chased the dog away.
（7）Chatter v.n.饶舌, 喋喋不休地闲聊,(牙齿、机器等)振动, 打颤; (鸟等)鸣, 啁啾
Fear or cold sometimes makes a person's teeth chatter./ The sparrows were chattering in the garden./ monkey chatter/ Who chatters to you, will chatter of you. （8）Cherish vt.抚育,爱护; 珍爱,怀有, 抱有(希望等)
cherish fond dreams of/ cherish a grudge against/ cherish justice/ cherished desire/ support the army and cherish the people/ cherish a deep love for/ He cherished the memory of his departed youth. （9）Chew n.v. 咀嚼
chew over a matter/ chew over/ chew upon sth./ chew the fat/ chew the rag （10）Choke n. & v. 窒息
choke one's feeling/ The smoke almost choked me./ choke on a fish bone/ choke with anger （11）Chop
chop wood/ chop off a finger/ chop up meat/ chop up history/ chop a ball/ chop at a tree/ The hawk chops upon its prey./ He chopped in with a sarcastic remark./ The wind chopped to the west. （12）Circulate v.使循环；环流
a circulated cheque/ People who circulate false news are to be blamed./ circulate from group to group at the party/ The rumour circulated rapidly./ Blood circulates through the body./ Please circulate these fliers.
（13）Claim v.n.（根据权利）要求，索赔，认领，申请,主张，断言, 需要重视
claim a large amount against him/ Every citizen may claim the protection of the law./ Does anyone
claim this umbrella?/ He claimed that he had done the work without help./ There are several matters that claim my attention/ a claim upon one's sympathy/ admit a claim/ They have no claim on us./ He has the best claim to the honour./ Investigation showed his claim to be false. （14）Clarify vt.澄清,讲清楚，阐明使（头脑等）变清楚.
clarify one's position/ The cloudy solution -fies on standing./ His mind suddenly -fied. （15）Clatter v. n.卡嗒卡嗒地响,嘁嘁喳喳没完没了地说笑
She clattered on and on about her children./ Don't clatter your knives andforks while eating. （16）Cling vi.粘着［住］，（to）坚持，依靠，抱定（希望）紧握，拥抱
clinging vine/ cling to a purpose/ cling to the last hope/ He is of a clinging sort./ They clung together when the time came to part.
（17）Clutch v.抓住, 攫住n.离合器,一次产的或孵的蛋,一窝鸡
The girl clutched her doll to her breast./ He clutched at the rope we threw to him./ in the clutches of the enemy
（18）Coincide vi.与...一致 (with)
My opinion coincides with his./ These two lines coincide with each other./ This story coincides with the facts.
（19）Collaborate vi.合作，共同研究（with）;协调，通敌,勾结
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collaborate on a book with sb./ During the wartime, anyone who collaborated might be sentenced to be shot.
（20）Collapse n.倒塌, 崩溃, 失败, 虚脱vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解, 失败, 病倒
If you work too hard, your health may collapse./ This bridge table collapses. （21）Collide vi.(车等)碰撞； (意志等)冲突，抵触（with）
In running round the corner, he collided with another man./ If the aims of two countries collide，there may be war.
（22）Comb n.梳子, 梳, 鸡冠, 蜂巢v.梳(发), 搜索
comb subversives out of the organization/ The storm combed the whole state. （23）Commemorate vt.纪念，庆祝； (某物)成为...的纪念,铭记
This monument commemorates our victory. （24）Commit v.
commit an error/ commit a crime/ commit suicide/ commit one's soul to God/ commit him to jail/
commit one million dollars worth of iron and steel in capital construction/ He would not commit himself in any way./ commit oneself on/ commit oneself to/He was too young to commit fully to marriage./ to commit oneself to a promise （25）Communicate v.
communicate a secret/ communicate a disease/ This room communicates with the other room./ Since then, they lost their ability to communicate with an audience./ Music . . . can name the unnamable and communicate the unknowable
（26）Compel强迫，强制顺从,获得,强取
I was compelled to do so by absolute necessity./ He was compelled by illness to suspend his
experiment./ His cleverness and skill compel our admiration./ He had a presence that inspired and a voice that compelled.
（27）Compliment n.称赞, 恭维, 致意, 问候, 道贺vt.称赞, 褒扬, 恭维
Your presence is a great compliment./ A sincere compliment boosts one's spirit./ A free sample is enclosed with the compliments of the manufacturer./ compliment a person on his first born （28）Comply vi.应允，同意；遵照，根据
comply with the rules/ comply with a formality/ He readily -lied with my request. （29）Compose v.组成, 写作, 排字, (使)安定, 调解
compose a poem/ compose one's thoughts [passions]/ compose a dispute/ Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen./ She composed herself to answer the letter. （30）Comprehend vt.充分了解，领悟,包含，包括；综合
comprehend the meaning of life/ The park comprehends all the land on the other side of the river. （31）Compress vt. 压缩, 摘要叙述
Wood blocks may compress a great deal under pressure. （32）Comprise v.包含, 由...组成
The French got . . . French Equatorial Africa, comprising several territories./ The Union comprises 50 states. / Fifty states compose (or constitute or make up ) the Union. （33）Compromise n.妥协, 折衷v.妥协, 折衷, 危及...的安全
make compromise with/ compromise of principle/ He did it without compromise of his dignity./ compromise a lawsuit/ compromise sb.'s reputation/ A bad compromise is better than a good lawsuit. （34）Conceal vt.隐藏，隐瞒；遮住；对...保密
a concealed enemy/ conceal one's feelings （35）Conceive vt.想到；想象；怀（恨等）；怀（胎）
conceive a hatred/ conceive prejudices/ conceive a child/ Scientists first conceived the idea of atomic
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bomb in the 1930s./ The baby was conceived in February and born in March.
（36）Condemn vt.谴责,宣告（某人）有罪，决定废弃；使处于某种地位或境界
condemn sb.'s behaviour/ condemn sb. to death/ condemn sth. as unfit for/ The old bridge is unsafe, it should be condemned./ He got well again, although the doctors had condemned him./ His amiability condemns him to being a constant advisor to other people's troubles./ His bad leg condemned him to a wheelchair./ His writings condemned him.
（37）Confer vt.授予(称号、学位等), 赠与, 协议v.协商, 交换意见
confer a medal [title] on [upon] sb./ The engineers and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accident.
（38）Confine vt.限制, 禁闭n.界限, 边界
This is outside the confines of human knowledge./ He is confined to the house by illness./ I shall confine myself to the subject of geography./ She expects to be confined at the end of May.
（39）Conform vt.使一致,使顺从vi.符合, 相似, 适应环境adj.一致的, 顺从的conformist n.（法律，习惯等）遵守者,英国国教徒
conform to the customs of society/ conform with the regulations/ A coat must conform to the figure of the wearer./ \（40）Confront vt.出现在...面前, 遭遇,面对，正视
confront reality/ My house confronts his./ The prisoner was confronted with his accusers./ A soldier has to confront danger and death. （41）Conquer v.
the conquered/ Man can conquer nature./ To conquer or to die./ Man has yet to conquer the stars. （42）Consent v. n.同意，赞成，插座，塞孔
Silence means consent./ I ought first to have asked your consent./ consent to stay on/ My father would not consent to my leaving school.
（43）Conserve vt.保存，保重n.蜜饯；果酱
conserve one’s strength
（44）Constitute vt.构成，组成,指定，任命，成为...的本质；使构成好的体质
constitute a direct threat to sb./ constitute new traffic regulations/ constituted authorities/ constitute sb. Chairman/ Twelve months constitute a year./ He is so constituted that he needs very little sleep. （45）Constrain vt.强迫；强制（to）抑制，约束；把...关进；监禁
I feel constrained to write and ask for your forgiveness./ Cold weather constrained the plant's growth. （46）Contaminate vt.弄脏; 沾污; (以放射性物质)污染,传染; 感染,损害
a wound contaminated by bacteria/ be contaminated by bureaucratism/ Flies contaminate food. （47）Contend v.抗争，争夺,争论，争辩,斗争，战斗
contend with others for a prize/ contend with a person about sth./ contend with poverty/ The defense contended that the evidence was untrue.
（48）Contract n.合同, 契约, 婚约v.使缩短, 感染, 订约
bind oneself by contract/ a breach of contract/ break the contract/ draw up a contract/ negotiate a
contract/ I'm under contract to teach here for one year./ Metals contract in cold weather./ contract a trade agreement/ contract a marriage/ contract friendship with/ contract a bad habit/ contract pneumonia/ contract huge debts by rash spending/ contract one's muscles of the arm/ I will \The bodybuilders contracted their biceps in unison. （49）Contradict v. 反驳；与...矛盾，
contradict a statement/ contradict oneself/ The reports contradict each other./ Your actions
contradict(with) your declared moral principles./ It's difficult to contradict someone politely./ Don't contradict!
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（50）Convene vt.召集，集合，召唤，叫出，传（被告等）
Party congresses at all levels are convened by Party committees at their respective levels. （51）Converge v. 聚合, 集中于一点
armies -ging on the capital/ Parallel lines converge at infinity./ She and her husband both converged upon the caller.
（52）Converse［书面用语］谈话，交谈（with， on， upon）
I conversed with her on a certain problem./ He's willing to converse with anyone about the quotations on the stock market.
（53）Convert n.皈依者vt.使转变, 转换...,使...改变信仰
At what rate does the dollar convert intopounds?/ John has converted to Buddhism./ convert defeat into victory/ Many Africans were converted to Christianity./ a convert to socialism （54）Convey vt.传导，传［表，转］达
convey the supplies to the warehouse/ I can't convey my feelings in words./ The ambassador personally conveyed the president's message to the premier./ Wires convey electricity. （55）Convict vt.证明...有罪, 宣告...有罪n.罪犯
convict sb. of robbery/ He was convicted of murder./ Their embarrassment convicted them. （56）Cooperate vi.合作；协作；互助（事物）配合
cooperate with (sb.) in (sth.)/ cooperate in harmony/ cooperate towards that end （57）Corporate adj.团体的；法人组织的,共同的；自治的，市政当局的
a corporate body/ corporate responsibility/ corporate town
（58）Correlate vt.使相互关联vi.和...相关 n.相关的人［物］关连 adj.相关的，关连的
correlate the theory with practice
（59）Correspond v.通信（with）相当于；等于；相关（to）
correspond with sb./ The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament./His expenses do not correspond to his income./ Her job corresponds with her interests./ His actions do not correspond with his words.
（60）Counterfeit n. adj.赝品, 伪造品, 伪造的, 假冒的vt.伪造, 假冒
counterfeit death/ It is against the law to counterfeit money. （61）Crumble v.弄碎, 粉碎, 崩溃n.面包屑 Her hopes crumbled to nothing. （62）Culminate v.达到顶点
A reading from Shakespeare culminates the performance./ Years of waiting culminated in a tearful reunion.
（63）Cultivate vt.种植, 耕种, 开恳, 培育; 养殖,启发, 结识(有地位的人)
cultivate a new generation/ cultivate the habit of analysis/ cultivate a love of art/ He always tries to cultivate rich and famous people.
（64）Curb vt.给(马)装上勒马链; 勒住(马),控[抑]制; 约束,设路边石于, n. 路边
curb one's anger/ curbstone
D
（1）Deafen v.
（2）Decay n.腐朽, 腐烂, 衰减, 衰退v.衰落
What made the Roman Empire decay?/ Sugar can decay the tooth. （3）Declare
declare war/ declare peace/ declare sb. (to be) innocent/ She declared that she didn't want to see him again./ Have you anything to declare?/ Well, I declare! Declare announce proclaim
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（4）Decline vt.谢绝, 拒绝, 推辞，使下降; 倾斜; 使(头)低垂n.下倾,晚期，斜坡
decline an offer/ decline an invitation/ decline to answer a question/ sink into a decline/ on the decline/ the decline of life （5）Decorate v.
decorate a house for New Year/ decorate sb. with a medal （6）Decree n.法令, 政令, 教令, 天命, 判决v.颁布
Fate decreed that.../ decree a punishment
（7）Dedicate vt.献(身), 致力, 题献(一部著作给某人)
dedicate a book to a certain person/ The mayor dedicated the World Fair yesterday. （8）Deduce vt.推论, 推断, 演绎(from)追溯根源，引出, 推导induce vt.引诱;归纳
induce sb. to do sth./ His illness was induced by overwork./ deduce a conclusion from these facts/ If you see a doctor leaving a house, you may deduce that someone in the house is ill. （9）Deflect vt., vi (使)偏斜, (使)转向, (使)弯曲
deflect a stream from its original course/ The bullet struck a wall and was deflected from its course. （10）Defunct adj.死了的; (公司)倒闭了的, 已不存在的已废止的, 已失效的
the defunct/ a defunct law/ an innovator defying tradition
（11）Defy vt.不服从, 公然反抗, 藐视, 挑衅, 违抗, 使...难于n.挑战
a strong fort which defies attack/ They defied him to jump off the bridge./ I defy you to prove that I have cheated./ It defies description.
（12）Degenerate vi.堕落；退步；腐化；恶化adj.退步的；堕落的；腐化的
a degenerate form of an ancient folk art./ old water pipes that are degenerating with age/ a dispute that degenerated into a brawl./ His health degenerates rapidly.
（13）Deliberate adj.深思熟虑的, 故意的, 预有准备的v.商讨
He deliberated the question before he made an answer./ a deliberate decision/ a deliberate murder/ mistake the oversight for a deliberate insult./ move at a deliberate pace （14）Demonstrate v.示范, 证明, 论证
How do you demonstrate that the earth is round?/ The salesman demonstrated (how to use) the washing-machine./ demonstrate affection by hugging. （15）Denounce v.公开指责, 公然抨击, 谴责 denounce a treaty
（16）Deprive vt.夺去, 剥夺; 使丧失(of)撤职, 免去...的职务使不能有; 使不能享受
She was deprived of schooling at ten./ Sickness deprived me of the pleasure of meeting you./ He must have been deprived of a normal childhood by something. （17）Derive vt. 得自vi. 起源
derive itself from/ derive knowledge from books/ Many English words are derived from Latin. （18）Descend v.下来, 下降, 遗传(指财产,气质,权利), 突击, 出其不意的拜访
be descended from ...[descend from ...]/ Men are descended from ape-men./ He descended from the top of the mountain./ The river descends to the sea./ He (is) descended from a good family./ a tradition descending from colonial days./ summer tourists descending on the seashore village./ to descend the steps/ in descending order of importance descend fall drop
（19）Deserve vt.应得; 应受(赏罚等)
deserve attention [sympathy]/ deserve to be rewarded [punished]/ If you do wrong, you deserve punishment./ He has deserved well of his country.
（20）Designate vt.指明, 指出, 任命, 指派 adj.指定而尚未上任的(用于名词后)
He was designated by the President as the next Secretary of State./ a captain designate/ He designated